A land survey is a scientific process that measures a piece of land’s dimensions, angles, elevations, and directions. It can also include noting any artificial structures on the land. Purpose of a land survey To establish and mark boundaries, To create accurate maps, To provide data for construction, and To provide data for land use planning. Other names for a land survey property survey, boundary survey, and cadastral survey. This land survey is the most intensive and detailed. An ALTA/NSPS land title survey is necessary for when you buy or sell any commercial or private property.